What are covered bonds?

The safest of all bank investments is a “covered bond”, which is secured by a specifically identified pool of assets. If the bank goes bust, you have recourse to these assets ahead of anyone, including depositors. In fact, the “AAA” covered bond rating is higher than the bank’s “AA-“ rating.

While covered bonds may have a five-year term, you can trade in and out of them every day. They are bought and sold in the liquid “wholesale” bond market, and settled via a platform called Austraclear, which the Australian Stock Exchange owns. And, like a variable or fixed-term deposit, you can get “floating” or fixed covered bonds.

A fixed covered bond pays the same coupon over its life. The variable option provides a predetermined margin above a variable benchmark that is reset every quarter. This benchmark broadly tracks the RBA’s cash rate, and is called the 90-day bank bill swap rate. Today it is around 3.2 per cent. CBA’s variable rate covered bond currently pays 3.9 per cent, which is slightly better than the average bank deposit.

There has been a striking compression in the cost of bank bonds. When CBA issued its first covered bond in January, it was required to pay investors a margin of 1.75 per cent above the bank bill rate. Today the same bond offers a margin of only 0.7 per cent. While incoming investors are receiving lower returns, the original ones made terrific capital gains through an increase in the bond’s price as CBA’s perceived risks declined. This highlights a distinction from normal deposits. Whereas bank deposits never get “revalued”, bonds are repriced every day based on investors’ assessments of the institution’s creditworthiness.